Lubricants containing cyclohydrocarbon polymers and method of preparing said polymers



United States Patent LUBRICANTS CQNTAINKNG CYCLGHYDROCAR- BQN PCLYMERS AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAID POLYMERS William S. Anderson, Oakland, and John Boar, J12, El Cerrito, Calif assignors to Shell Oil Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Mar. 3, 1961, Ser. No. 93,012

4 Claims. (Cl. 252-59) This invention relates to novel and new high molecular weight non-ash forming cyclohydrocarbon polymers possessing multi-functional properties and more particularly the invention relates to crystalline and non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon polymers the latter group of which is particularly useful as lubricants and as additives for lubricating oils.

It is known that polymers of alpha,omega-diolefins prepared in the presence of conventional Ziegler type catalysts such as aluminum trialkyl-titanium tetrahalide catalysts, e.g., aluminum triethyl or aluminum triisobutyl and titianium tetrachloride result in low molecular weight polymers having cross linkages, rendering them insoluble and mechanically and thermally unstable.

In the field of lubrication certain olefinic polymers such as polyisobutylene, polystyrenes, copolymers of isobutyl ene and naphthalene, copolymers of butenes and long chain alpha-olefins such as octene-l or octadecene-l, are known to be useful as pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers for mineral oils but are limited in their use because they are mechanically unstable, particularly when used in lubricants subject to high shear rates. This apparent inherent instability of this class of polymers is the cause of viscosity loss and other undesirable side reactions which occur in oils containing such additives. This is particularly aggravating when the base oil contains other additives such as detergents, extreme pressure additives such as organic metal salts, nitrogen-containing detergent polymers, organic phosphorous-containing compounds and the like, which tend to interact with the unstable components of the olefinic polymers mentioned above and thus causing sludging, wear and corrosion. Also certain olefinic polymers useful as plastics or fibers such as polyethylene are insufiiciently thermally stable, thereby limiting their use.

An object of the present invention is to provide crystalirfe and non-crystalline high molecular weight cyclohydrocarbon polymers. Another object of the present invention is to provide oilsoluble non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon polymers which are mechanically stable under extreme shear rate conditions. A particular object of the present invention is to provide an oil-soluble, non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon copolymer which is mechanically stable and which reduces the scope of the oil viscosity vs. temperature curve. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for forming a novel mechanically and thermally stable oil-soluble non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon polymer and copolymer oil additive. Other objects in accordance with the invention will be apparent hereinafter.

It has now been discovered that excellent mechanically and thermally stable, high molecular weight, crystalline and non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon polymers, the latter of which are oil-soluble can be prepared by polymerizing alpha,omega-diolefins or copolymerizing such alpha-omega-diolefins with apha-monoolefins having from 3 to 30 and preferably 3 to 18 or more carbon atoms in the presence of a novel low pressure catalyst. The novel catalyst is produced by (1) reacting hydrocarbon solutions of aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride in a mole ratio ranging from about 0. l :1 to less than 0.621 at elevated temperatures until the aluminum triethyl is completely oxidized and (2) thereafter reacting the total product of (l) with a hydrocarbon solution of aluminum diethyl chloride in an amount to give a total aluminum to titanium mole ratio of at least 1:1.

The selection and amount of catalyst components, as well as the order of reaction is critical in the preparation of novel catalyst for cyclohydrocarbon polymers of this invention.

In the first step of the catalyst preparation the reaction between the titanium tetrachloride and the aluminum triethyl eifects a reduction of at least part of the titanium tetrachloride to titanium trichloride. Stoichiometrically, complete reduction is accomplished by the reaction of 0.33 mole of aluminum triethyl with 1 mole of the titanium tetrachloride. For the purpose of this invention, it is found that there must not be .4 or more moles of the aluminum triethyl per mole of the titanium tetrachloride. Hence the reaction in the first step between the aluminum triethyl and the titanium tetrachloride must be in an aluminum triethyl to titanium tetrachloride mole ratio of less than .4 to 1. The minimum ratio is .1 to 1. In the more preferred procedures the mole ratio is between about .3321 and 04:1, an efiective mole ratio of about 0.33 :1 being especially preferred, as these ratios ultimately produce the best combination of polymerization rates, conversions and percentages of linear polymer. Since impurities may use up some of the added aluminum triethyl, it may sometimes be desirable to add a slight excess of aluminum triethyl to assure that the etfective ratio is as desired. For example, when an eliective ratio of 0.33:1 is desired this can be assured by adding a slight excess, such as 0.34:1, 0.35:1 or 0.36: 1.

The reaction between the titanium tetrachloride and aluminum triethyl is carried out at elevated temperatures for a period of time sufiicient to oxidize at least all of the aluminum triethyl. The time is influenced by the temperature; heating for 20 minutes at C. is suggested as a minimum; heating for 2 hours at 80 C. is suitable. Polycyclohydrocarbon polymers of a substantially higher ring content are obtained if alpha,omega-diolefins or mixtures of such alpha,omega-diolefins and alpha-monoolefins are reacted in the presence of the catalysts of this invention particularly if the reaction is carried out for period of time substantially in excess of the minimum required to oxidize the aluminum triethyl. Heating for as much as 24 hours or more at 80 C., 2 hours at C. or 20 minutes at C. results in a purple catalyst and an improved ring content and less crosslinking of products of the present invention.

The initial reaction between the titanium tetrachloride and the aluminum triethyl is carried out with these reactants in solution in hydrocarbon solvents such as heptane, octane, pentane, isopentane and the like. Suitably, solutions of titanium tetrachloride and aluminum triethyl are prepared, and measured amounts of each solution are mixed together to give the desired mole ratios which, as previously indicated, range from an aluminum to a titanium mole ratio ranging from less than .421 to about .111. The reaction between titanium tetrachloride and aluminum triethyl at elevated temperatures terminates the first step of the catalyst preparation and at this point the reaction mixture comprises a solid suspension in the hydrocarbon medium and the total mixture has a brown or purple color, depending mainly on the time and temperature utilized for the reaction.

The hydrocarbon solutions of the catalyst components may be of any concentration. Solutions prepared by mixing 100 millimoles per liter of solvent are found to be convenient for subsequent metering. A surprising finding is that advantages in the ultimate polymer are obtained as the concentration of the components in the solvent is increased, as will be shown more fully hereinafter.

The second step of the catalyst preparation requires adding to the total mixture prepared above aluminum diethyl chloride which is suitably contained in solution in a hydrocarbon solvent. The amount of the aluminum diethyl chloride that is added may vary a great deal with the provision that the minimum be at least sufiicient to provide a total aluminum to titanium mole ratio of 1.0. Thus, the minimum depends entirely on the mole ratio of the aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride selected in the first step. Any amount greater than the minimum is suitable but large excesses, say in the order of moles, are uneconomical and wasteful. In the preferred procedure, aluminum diethyl chloride is added in an amount to give a total aluminum to titanium mole ratio ranging from about 2:1 to about 6:1.

In those cases in which the Al:Ti ratio was less than about 0.33:1 and TiCl is still present, the total mixture is agitated briefly after the aluminum diethyl chloride is added, to reduce the titanium tetrachloride completely. It is not necessary to cool or heat the mixture to which the aluminum diethyl chloride is added, and the catalyst will be stable for several months or more. Generally it is preferred to heat the Al:Ti/AlEt Cl mixture to 80 C. for about 1 hour. The total mixture consists of a suspension of fine, brown or purple particles in the hydrocarbon solvent. The suspension, if permitted to stand for a while, will begin to settle. Accordingly, before being used, it should be agitated in order to produce a homogeneous product which is the active catalyst of this invention.

In those cases where the Al:Ti ratio in the first step was at least about 0.33:1 and where no TiCl remains in the product from the first step, the aluminum diethyl chloride required to bring the AlzTi ratio to at least 1:1 can be added directly to the polymerization reaction mixture.

The catalysts prepared as described can be used to prepare crystalline cyclohydrocarbon polymer products useful as plastics or fibers by polymerizing in the presence of the catalysts of this invention alpha,omega-diolefins such as biallyl, Z-methyl biallyl, or heptadiene or mixtures of said alpha,omega-diolefins with ethylene such as mixtures of biallyl and ethylene. Non-crystalline oil-soluble cyclohydrocarbon polymers are prepared in the presence of the catalysts of this invention by copolymerizing alpha, omega-diolefins with alpha-monoolefins of at least 3 and up to 30 or more carbon atoms preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms such as copolymers of (A) 1,5-hexadiene (biallyl), 2-methyl-l,5-hexadiene, 3-methyl-1,5-hexadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,S-hexadiene, alpha,omega-octadiene, and the like with (B) alpha-monoolefins of three or more carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g., propylene, butene-l, pentene-l, octene-l, 3- methyl-pentene-l, 3-ethyl-pentene-1, 4-methyl-pentene-1, 3-methyl-heptene-1, vinyl-cyclohexene, l-octadecene, 1- dodecene, styrene and the like. Steric factors of the monomers may, of course, affect the reaction. Mixtures of alpha,omega-diolefin monomers may also be polymerized or such mixtures may be polymerized with alphamonoolefins.

The cyclohydrocarbon polymers of the present invention range in molecular weight of from 5,000 to 2 /2 million of which the non-crystalline oil-soluble cyclohydrocarbon copolymers have a molecular weight of from 50,- 000 to 1,000,000.

The polymerization of alpha,omega-diolefins or mixtures of alpha,omega-diolefins with alpha-monoolefins with the novel catalysts are conducted in agitated pressure vessels under conditions that exclude air and other atmospheric impurities, particularly moisture. In one suitable method, the vessel, after purging with an inert gas, is charged with the catalyst suspension prepared as described above, having all TiCl reduced to TiCl An additional quantity of hydrocarbon solvent is usually added. The amount of aluminum diethyl chloride required to bring the AlzTi ratio above 1:1 may also be added at this time, as such or in hydrocarbon solution. Thereafter the monomer to be polymerized is charged to the vessel and the polymerization begins. At first, the temperature within the reactor will rise due to an exotherm so that cooling may be supplied initially in order to maintain any desired polymerization temperature which, in all cases should be less than about C. and more preferably from about 0 to 50 C. The pressures are not critical and may be autogenic pressures which will vary depending upon the quantity of the solvent in the reactor, the nature of the monomer to be polymerized, the temperature and the like. In batch operations, the polymerization may be determined when monomer is no longer absorbed as indicated by a suitable pressure gauge. In continuous operations the polymerization mixture passes through a continuous reactor of any suitable design and the polymerizations in such cases are adjusted by the residence time which may be determined by a few preliminary runs at the particular concentrations, temperatures, pressures, and the like that are adopted. After the polymerization is complete the polymer is sometimes recovered as a slurry of the solid polymer in hydrocarbon liquid and to separate the polymer from the solvent a simple filtration is adequate. Thereafter, the polymer may be washed a few times in order to separate catalyst residues. Further treatment may be undertaken as will be understood from the prior art.

The following examples are illustrative of the method of preparing the catalysts used in the preparation of cyclohydrocarbon polymers of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1 A catalyst was prepared by mixing under a nitrogen atmosphere a hydrocarbon solution of 20 millimoles of TiCl (200 ml.) with 7.2 millimoles of AlEt (72 ml.) and reacting two hours at 80 C. This mixture was then centrifuged, the supernatant liquid decanted, and 20 millimoles (200 ml.) of AlEt CI added and the mixture was heated another hour at 80 C. This catalyst was then added to 4 liters of purified isooctane containing 60 millimoles of AlEtgCl making the overall AlzTi ratio about 4.4:1.

Other examples of catalysts used in preparation of cyclopolymers of the present invention were prepared follows:

In a continuous mode of operating the polymerization process, the hydrocarbon solution of the reaction product of TiCl with from 0.33 to less than 0.4 mole of aluminum triethyl, prepared as described, may be separately passed into the reaction mixture, continuously or intermittently, while sufficient aluminum diethyl chloride to bring the AlzTi ratio above 1 is also added separately into the reaction mixture. The active catalyst is then formed in the reaction mixture by interreaction between the TiCh-aluminum triethyl reaction product and aluminum diethyl chloride.

The recovered polymer will be found, generally, to have a rather high molecular weight as indicated by intrinsic viscosity determinations in decalin at C. Polymer of controlled molecular weight may be obtained by conducting the polymerization in the presence of vari- Ous additives which limit the molecular weight of polymer produced in the reaction. The more efiective additives for this purpose include hydrogen and zinc diethyl.

The following examples are illustrative of cyclohydrocarbon polymers of the present invention prepared in the presence of the purple catalyst as described above.

EXAMPLE I Non-crystalline oil-soluble copolymer biallyl and l-hexene A 500-ml. glass bottle was flushed with nitrogen and charged with 240 ml. dry isooctane, 15 ml. catalyst of Example 1, 25 ml. dry l-hexene and 20 ml. of dry biallyl (1,5-hexadiene). The bottle was tumbled and-over-end at 25 C. for 25 hours; polymerization was stopped with IPA. During polymerization, the catalyst breaks down into very small particles which gives the mixture the appearance of a solution. The rte-precipitated polymer weighed 9.3 g., intrinsic viscosity in 50/50 100 neutral/ 250 neutral oils was 2.5 dl./g. (100 F., 210 F.). The copolymer had the general formula where x and y integers totalling more than 4 and generally varying from 20 to 14,000 and R is an alkyl radical.

EXAMPLE II Polymer 0f 3-methyl-L5J1exadiene Fifteen ml. of 3-methyl-l,5-hexadiene was reacted for 1 day in heptane solvent containing 5 m1. of catalyst of 6 days. The monomer and solvent were distilled out on a high vacuum manifold and the polymer was coagulated in methanol. The polymer, having the formula Table I where x is an integer of at least 2, was reprecipitated and was soluble in mineral oil and had an intrinsic viscosity in mineral oil of 0.740 dl./g. at 100 F.

EXAMPLE III Crystalline copolymer of biallyl and ethylene (A) Twenty-five ml. of dry 1,5-hexadiene (biallyl) and 25 ml. of isooctane were charged to a 100 ml. stirred reactor. While maintaining the mixture at 6869 C., ethylene was passed in for five minutes. Ten ml. of purple catalyst of Example 1 was then added and the mixture was stirred at 66-89 for 30 minutes, ethylene flow being continued through the reaction period. There was obtained 6.6 g. of fibrous polymer of M.P. 80 C. Ethylene content of polymer 13% m. and the copolymer was soluble in mineral oil at temperatures above 50 C.

(B) Thirty ml. of biallyl and ml. of isooctane was saturated with ethylene at a solution temperature of 64 C. Ten ml. of catalyst of Example 1 was injected and the mixture was allowed to stir at 6070 C. for one hour. Polymer weight 10.9 g. Melting point C. Ethylene content of polymer 32% m., and the copolymer was oil soluble at temperatures above C.

Following the procedure of the above Examples I-III Example 1. Five ml. of additional catalyst of Example 1 the following additional polymers and copolymers of the was added and the mixture was allowed to stand for 10 35 present invention were prepared.

TAB LE I Example a,w-diolcfin a-monoolefin Catalyst '{emperg- Solvent Formula Type MW.

ure,

IV Biallyl Ex.l 80 Heptane I Crystalline 500,000

V 1,0-hepta- Ex.1 80 d0 do 500,000

dieue.

VI Biallyl(1)/ Ex.1 80 d0 Non-crystalline, 500,000 1,6-l1eptaoil-soluble. diene (1). 1

VIP Biallyl Ethylene (1)/ Ex.1 80 Is0octaue. do -t 500,000

l-hexene (1) x y i VIII do I-octadecene... Ex.2 80 Heptane. R de 1,000,000

IX 1,6-hepta id0 Ex.3 s0 Iso0ctane R do 1,000,000

diene X Bially(1)/3- Ex.1 -.do do 150,000

methy1-1,5- a AI hexadieue X Y CH2 CH CIICIIrand like units.

When desired, additional improvements with respect to oxidation stability and scufiing inhibition can be imparted to the oil compositions containing the copolymers of this invention by incorporating small amounts (0.01%2%, preferably 0.1%-1%) of phenolic antioxidants such as alkylphenols, e.g., 2,6-ditert.butyl-4-methylphenol or p,pmethylene bisphenols such as 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-ditert.butylphenol) or arylamines such as phenyl-alphanaphthylamine, dialkyl sulfides and mixtures thereof, e.g., dibenzyl disulfide, didodecyl sulfide. Anti-scuffing agents include organic phosphites, phosphates, phosphonates and their thio-derivatives, such as C alkyl phosphites, or phosphonates, e.g., diand tributyl, octyl, lauryl, stearyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, cresyl, phenyl, phosphites or phosphonates, as well as their thio-derivatives, P S -terpene reaction products, e.g., P S -pine oil reaction product and alkali metal salts thereof such as a potassium salt of a P S -terpene reaction product, phosphonates such as dibutyl methanephosphonate, dibutyl trichloromethanephosphonate, dibutyl monochloromethane phosphonate, dibutyl chlorobenzenephosphonate, and the like. The full esters of pentavalent phosphorous acids such as triphenyl, tricresyl, trilauryl and tristearyl ortho-phosphates or potassium salt of P S -terpene reaction product are preferred.

The polymeric additives of this invention improve various mineral oil products by the incorporation of a minor amount (0.01% to 5%, preferably 0.1% to 3% by weight) of the additive. Thus, they may be used to improve transformer oils, turbine oils, hydraulic fluids, mineral lubricating oils, industrial oils and the like. Suitably grade to SAE 5 W viscosity grade to SAE 140 grade and are derived from paralfinic, naphthenic or asphaltic base crudes. Representative oils are refined high viscosity index mineral oils having a viscosity at 100 F. of 100 to 250 SUS. A typical mineral lubricating oil (X) of this type had the following properties:

Gr., API, 60/60 F 32 Flash, F. 370 Viscosity index (Dean and Davis) 93 Viscosity, SUS at 100 F 103 The following non-ash compositions are representative of this aspect of the invention.

Composition A:

Example I copolymer 2% wt. Mineral lubricating oil (X) Balance Composiiton B:

Example 11 copolymer 2% wt. Mineral lubricating oil (X) Balance Composition C:

Example VII copolymer 2% wt. Mineral lubricating oil (X) Balance Composition D:

Example VIII copolymer 2% wt. Mineral lubricating oil (X) Balance Composition E:

Example VI copolymer 2% wt. Mineral lubricating oil (X) Balance Composition F:

Example VII copolymer 3% wt. 4,4 methylene bis(2,6 ditert.butylphenol) 1% wt Mineral lubricating oil (aviation oil 1100 grade) Balance Composition G:

Example VII Copolymer 5% wt. 4,4 methylene bis(2,6 ditert.butylphenol) 0.5% wt. Tricresyl phosphate 0.8% wt.

Mineral lubricating oil (X) Balance 8 Composition H:

Example X copolymer 3% wt. 4,4-methylene bis(2,6-ditert.butylphenol) 1% wt. Didodecyl sulfide 2% wt. Mineral lubricating oil (SAE 30) Balance The mechanical stability of compositions of the present invention as well as other compositions noted below was determined by subjecting the test compositions to ultrasonic degradation in a 400 watt Acoustica Associates Dl 400A oscillator and AT-2000 water-cooled magnetostrrction transducer. The transducer was fitted to the bottom of a one-quart stainless steel tank and oil solutions were placed directly in contact with the steel transducer surface. The oscillator output consists of a 25 :1 kc. signal pulsed at 120 pulses per second. Peak power is 1600 watts; average power 400 watts. Output current for all experiments was arbitrarily adjusted to 1.8 amperes RF (near the point of resonance of the loaded bath-l-transducer) by varying the inductance in the oscillator tank circuit. The power actually transmitted to the oil solution is therefore 120 watts average and 480 watts on peak. Area of the transducer radiating surface was 387 cm. the calculated average intensity was 0.31 watt/cm.

Compositions A-G were 5 to 10 times more resistant to degradation when tested under the above condition than Composition X [mineral oil (X) +2% copolymer of ethylene and octene-l (50/50) Composition Y [mineral oil (X)+2% polyhexene-l]; Composition Z [mineral oil (X) +2% polylauryl methacrylate].

Thermal stability of the cyclohydrocarbon polymers was determined by measuring weight loss continuously while polymer was heated at 2.5 /-minute in a nitrogen atmosphere. The thermogravimetric curves obtained in this way showed that the temperatures required to decompose the polymers of this invention, namely Examples 1 to X, are 200 higher than the decomposition points of polyisobutylene and poly(alkyl methacrylate) oil additives.

Lubricating compositions of this invention are particularly applicable for high speed use as in aviation engines, automotive engines, truck engines, industrial equipment as well as equipment such as hydraulic systems for brakes, elevators, airplane control systems and mining machinery.

We claim as our invention:

1. A mineral oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral oil and from 0.01% to 5% by Weight of an oil-soluble non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon copolymer having a molecular weight of from 500,000 to 1,000,000 obtained by reacting a mixture of biallyl and an alpha-monoolefin of from 2 to 18 carbon atoms in a liquid hydrocarbon medium at a temperature below 100 C. in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting hydrocarbon solutions of aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride in a mole ratio ranging from about 0.111 to less than 0.421 at elevated temperatures for a time at least sufficient to completely oxidize the aluminum triethyl and thereafter reacting the resulting mixture with a hydrocarbon solution of aluminum diethyl chloride in an amount to give a catalyst-containing mixture having a total aluminum-to-titanium mole ratio of at least 1:1.

2. A mineral oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral oil and from 0.01% to 5% by weight of an oil-soluble non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon copolymer having a molecular Weight of from 500,000 to 1,000,000 obtained by reacting a mixture of biallyl, 1-hexene and ethylene in a liquid hydrocarbon medium at a temperature below 100 C. in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting hydrocarbon solutions of aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride in a mole ratio ranging from about 0.111 to less than 0.4:1 at elevated temperatures for a time at least sufiicient to completely oxidize the aluminum triethyl and thereafter reacting the ,resulting mixture with a hydrocarbon solution of aluminum diethyl chloride in an amount to give a catalystcontaining mixture having a total aluminum-to-titanium mole ratio of at least 1: 1.

3. A mineral oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral oil and from 0.01% to 5% by weight of an oil-soluble non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon copolymer having a molecular Weight of from 500,000 to 1,000,000 obtained by reacting a mixture of biallyl and l-hexene in a liquid hydrocarbon medium at a temperature below 100 C. in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting hydrocarbon solutions of aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride in a mole ratio ranging from about 0.1:1 to less than 0.4:1 at elevated temperatures for a time at least sufiicient to completely oxidize the aluminum triethyl and thereafter reacting the resulting mixture with a hydrocarbon solution of aluminum diethyl chloride in an amount to give a catalyst-containing mixture having a total aluminum to titanium mole ratio of at least 111.

4. A mineral oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral oil and from 0.01% to 5% by weight of an oil-soluble non-crystalline cyclohydrocarbon copolymer having a molecular weight of from 500,000 to 1,000,000 obtained by reacting a mixture of biallyl and 1,6-heptadiene in a liquid hydrocarbon medium at a temperature below 100 C. in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting hydrocarbon solutions of aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride in a mole ratio ranging from about 0.111 to less than 0.4:1 at elevated temperatures for a time at least sutficient to completely oxidize the aluminum triethyl and thereafter reacting the resulting mixture with a hydrocarbon solution of aluminum diethyl chloride in an amount to give a catalyst-containing mixture having a total aluminum-to-titanium mole ratio of at least 1:1.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,551,641 5/1951 Seger et al 25259 X 2,786,032 3/1957 Hollyday et al. 252-59 2,895,915 7/1959 Hewett et al 25259 2,901,432 8/1959 Morway et al 25259 2,972,605 2/1961 Natta et al. 26088.2 2,989,516 6/1961 Schneider 26088.2 3,010,949 11/1961 Price 26088.2 3,058,963 10/1962 Vandenberg 26088.2

FOREIGN PATENTS 812,213 4/ 1959 Great Britain. 846,685 8/1960 Great Britain.

DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.

JULIUS GREENWALD, Examiner. 

1. A MINERAL OIL COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MAJOR AMOUNT OF MINERAL OIL AND FROM 0.01% TO 5% BY WEIGHT OF AN OIL-SOLUBLE NON-CRYSTALLINE CYCLOHYDROCARBON COPOLYMER HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF FROM 500,000 TO 1,000,000 OBTAINED BY REACTING A MIXTURE OF BIALLYL AND AN ALPHA-MONOOLEFIN OF FROM 2 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS IN A LIQUID HYDROCARBON MEDIUM AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW 100*C. IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST OBTAINED BY REACTING HYDROCARBON SOLUTIONS OF ALUMINUM TRIETHYL AND TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE IN A MOLE RATIO RANGING FROM ABOUT 0.1:1 TO LESS THAN 0.4:1 AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FOR A TIME AT LEAST SUFFICIENT TO COMPLETELY OXIDIZE THE ALUMINUM TRIETHYL AND THEREAFTER REACTING THE RESULTING MIXTURE WITH A HYDROCARBON SOLUTION OF ALUMINUM DIETHYL CHLORIDE IN AN AMOUNT TO GIVE A CATALYST-CONTAINING MIXTURE HAVING A TOTAL ALUMINUM-TO-TITANIUM MOLE RATIO OF AT LEAST 1:1. 